Scientists say that an increased level of sortilin in pancreatic cancer cells that may open up the way to developing more effective treatment.

Sortilin is emerging as a key player in the regulation of neuronal viability and function, and there are increasing indications that it is involved in the deregulation of cancer cell viability. Sortilin is overexpressed in breast, lung, and thyroid cancer; it can promote cancer cell invasion in glioblastoma; and it participates in cancer cell adhesion and metastasis in colorectal cancer. However, its expression and impact in pancreatic cancer was not previously known.

In a study “The Membrane Protein Sortilin Can Be Targeted to Inhibit Pancreatic Cancer Cell Invasion”, published in The American Journal of Pathology, researchers examined several pancreatic cancer cell lines alongside pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and established that sortilin expression was higher in the cancer cells. The increased sortilin level in pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in a series of 99 human pancreatic adenocarcinomas compared to 48 normal pancreatic tissues.

Furthermore, sortilin was found to contribute to pancreatic cancer invasion in vitro through potentially maintaining the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway. Scientists also found that sortilin levels were higher in female pancreatic cancer patients compared to males.

pancreatic cancer cells
Pancreatic cancer cells in control (A) vs treatment by anti-sortilin targeting drug (B). When sortilin is targeted, pancreatic cancer cells partially lose attachment and cannot migrate. Scale bars = 50µm. [Hubert Hondermarck’s Laboratory]
“Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis, and there is no targeted therapy against this malignancy. The neuronal membrane protein sortilin is emerging as a regulator of cancer cell development, but its expression and impact in pancreatic cancer are unknown. This study found that sortilin expression was higher in pancreatic cell lines versus normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, as shown by Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry,” wrote the investigators.

“The increased sortilin level in pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in a series of 99 human pancreatic adenocarcinomas versus 48 normal pancreatic tissues (P = 0.0014). Sortilin inhibition by siRNA and the pharmacologic inhibitor AF38469 strongly reduced the adhesion and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells without affecting cell survival and viability. Sortilin inhibition also decreased the phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase in Tyr925. Together, these data show that sortilin contributes to pancreatic cancer invasion and could eventually be targeted in therapy.”

“There is currently no good therapy for pancreatic cancer,” explained lead investigator Hubert Hondermarck, PhD, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute at the University of Newcastle, Australia. “What we need is a targeted therapy that could slow down the rapid progression of the disease to allow more time for chemotherapy and radiotherapy to be more effective.”

“Our finding of higher sortilin expression in female patients suggests a possible regulation of sortilin gene expression by estrogen receptors, but further functional analyses are needed to confirm this hypothesis.”

The main issue with pancreatic cancer is the local invasiveness of the tumor that leads to the destruction of the pancreas, rapidly causing death. This study showed that inhibiting sortilin with specific drugs or immunotherapy leads to a strong decrease in pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness.

Therefore, specifically targeting sortilin is likely to complement and improve the efficacy of existing treatments. However, no statistically significant association was found between sortilin expression and pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Therefore, although sortilin contributes to pancreatic cancer cell invasion, it is likely not the only factor involved.

“Together, these data reveal that sortilin contributes to pancreatic cancer invasion and is a potential therapeutic target,” noted Hondermarck. “This discovery may lead to the development of more efficient treatment against the disease.”

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with less than nine percent patient survival after five years. It is the seventh most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide and the third most common in the US. The most common type is pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 90 percent of cases.

Current therapeutic approaches include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Surgery is the most common treatment for early-stage pancreatic cancer, but it can be performed in less than twenty percent of patients. The main drug currently used to treat pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine, has only a limited therapeutic effect.

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