The 96-well cellular label-free assay plate for the EnSpire® label-free multimode plate reader platform is designed to support basic life science research as well as assay development applications. The plate requires no assays; each well of the microplate contains an optical sensor, so workflows require only the sample, microplate, and reader. When used with the EnSpire platform, the assay plate series enables researchers to measure phenotypic changes, and observe pharmacology comparable to that of labeled assays, but with richer data output. The integrated cellular response obtained from a label-free assay enables characterization of the signaling pathways involved, which can be affected by biased agonism, dimerization, and allosterism.